ABSTRACT
Background: In Mexico, there is no available instrument based on a biopsychosocial model to evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQL). The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) was developed in Australia and the United States based on the same model and can be adapted to evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on OHRQL. Objectives: To adapt the OHIP-14 questions to periodontal disease evaluation and validate the content of this new instrument. Materials and Methods: One expert in periodontics and one expert in health psychology adapted the OHIP-14 to evaluate the impact of periodontal disease on OHRQL, creating the Oral Health Impact Profile applied to Periodontal Disease (OHIP-14-PD). Using the format proposed by Escobar and Cuervo, five experts in periodontics and public health performed the OHIP-14-PD content validation. Results: Item 7 had a compliance rate of 80 percent for clarity, and the other items, a compliance rate of 100 percent, for clarity, sufficiency, coherence and relevance. The kappa coefficient showed perfect agreement for items 1 to 6 (k= 1) and 8 to 14, and very high agreement for item 7 (k= 0.967). Conclusion: The OHIP- 14-PD shows content validity.
Subject(s)
Humans , Expert Testimony , Oral Health , Periodontal Diseases/psychology , Quality of Life , Mexico , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Abstract: the presence of dental plaque is associated with deterioration of oral health, tooth decay, gingivitis and periodontal disease. The study of content validity of a new instrument aims to determine whether the items included in the measuring instrument are representative of the assessed construct. The objective of this research was to design and validate the content of an oral hygiene habits scale. A Likert-like scale, named Oral Hygiene Habits Scale (OHHS), containing 10 items and five response options on frequency of behavior, was developed to assess the dimensions of toothbrushing and flossing. Six experts were recruited for the study. They were asked to conduct their evaluations individually. Four characteristics (adequacy, clarity, consistency and relevance) were evaluated for each item, using an assessment scale of four ordinal values (from 1="does not meet the criteria" to 4="high level of compliance"). Data were analyzed using the binomial test, Kendalls W and Fleisss Kappa coefficient. The judges mostly indicated a high level of compliance with the characteristics evaluated for each item and their judgments were consistent with one another. It is concluded that the OHHS composed of 10 items showed content validity. Further studies are suggested to determine its reliability and construct validity.
Resumen: la presencia de placa bacteriana se asocia con el deterioro de la salud oral, aparición de caries, gingivitis y enfermedad periodontal. El estudio de la validez de contenido de un instrumento nuevo, se centra en que los ítems del instrumento de medición sean representativos del constructo evaluado. El objetivo de esta investigación fue diseñar y validar el contenido de una escala de hábitos de higiene bucal. Se creó una escala de 10 ítems tipo Likert con cinco opciones de respuesta sobre frecuencia de conducta para evaluar las dimensiones de cepillado y uso del hilo dental, denominada como Escala de Hábitos de Higiene Bucal (EHHB). Se reclutó a seis expertos quienes realizaron sus evaluaciones individualmente. Se valoraron cuatro características (suficiencia, claridad, coherencia y relevancia) en cada ítem, usando una escala de cuatro valores ordinales (de 1="no cumple" a 4="alto nivel"). Los datos fueron analizados mediante la prueba binomial, la W de Kendall y el coeficiente Kappa de Fleiss. Los jueces mayoritariamente indicaron alto nivel de cumplimiento de las características evaluadas para cada ítem y sus juicios fueron concordantes. Se concluye que la EHHB compuesta por 10 ítems presentó validez de contenido, y se sugiere seguir estudiando la escala para determinar su confiabilidad y validez de constructo.